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Marten Scheffer (born 13 September 1958) is a Dutch ecologist, mathematical biologist and professor of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management at Wageningen University and Research Centre. He was a winner of the 2009 Spinoza Prize. His research focuses on complex systems and their adaptability. ==Career== Scheffer was born on 13 September 1958 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.〔 He studied ecology at Utrecht University and gained a degree in 1985. He obtained a doctorate from the same university in 1992.〔 He subsequently held research positions at and the governmental agency . In 1998 he became professor of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management at Wageningen University and Research Centre and has since headed the department.〔 Scheffer's research focuses on complex systems and their adaptability, finding that different ecosystems have tipping points. His research is located inside the field of ecology as well as outside of it, with studies into climate change and evolution.〔 In 2009 Scheffer was one of three winners of the Dutch Spinoza Prize and received a 2.5 million euro grant. The awarding organisation, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), praised Scheffer for his contributions "to our understanding of critical transitions in complex systems, varying from shifts in shallow lakes to climate change and the collapse of ancient cultures".〔 As there was no fourth Spinoza Prize awarded in 2009, Scheffer and his co-winners Albert van den Berg and Michel Ferrari asked the NWO to reward them the remaining prize money, which they would spend on a collaborative research effort. Their efforts culminated in a research paper on migraine published in ''PLOS ONE'' in 2013. The paper claimed that a critical tipping point of neurons started a migraine attack.〔 Scheffer is member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Marten Scheffer )〕 He is a co-founder of the South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies and European Institute Para Limes.〔 Apart from his work in science Scheffer is also a musician, who plays the mandolin, guitar and violin.〔 Scheffer toured with Dutch guitar player Harry Sacksioni for several years. Together with two others he has published a CD of world music, ''Transitions''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marten Scheffer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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